{"id":166,"date":"2024-07-22T11:41:45","date_gmt":"2024-07-22T11:41:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zhangzheng.net\/?p=166"},"modified":"2025-11-19T02:40:45","modified_gmt":"2025-11-19T02:40:45","slug":"rn%e4%b8%ad-carbon-technocracy-energy-regimes-in-modern-east-asia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zhangzheng.net\/?p=166","title":{"rendered":"(RN\u4e2d) Carbon Technocracy Energy Regimes in Modern East Asia"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"166\" class=\"elementor elementor-166\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10a351f6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10a351f6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-786e4cf0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"786e4cf0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u5207\u5165\u70b9\u975e\u5e38\u7cbe\u5999\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6790\u4e00\u4e2a\u8de8\u8d8a\u8fd1\u767e\u5e74\u7684\u7164\u77ff\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u6765\u63a2\u7a76\u7ecf\u8425\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7164\u77ff\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u653f\u6743\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7164\u77ff\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ece\u5c01\u5efa\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u6e05\u738b\u671d\u5230\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u3001\u4e3b\u6743\u96be\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u6c11\u56fd\u548c\u77ed\u6682\u5360\u9886\u7684\u82cf\u8054\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5230\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002\u5728\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u78b3\u6280\u672f\u5b98\u50da\uff08Carbon Technocracy\uff09\u90fd\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\uff08\u674e\u9192\u6c11\u5c06technocracy\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u6280\u6cbb\u4e3b\u4e49\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u653f\u6743\u3001\u78b3\u6280\u672f\u5b98\u50da\u3001\u7164\u77ff\u3001\u5de5\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd9\u56db\u79cd\u89d2\u8272\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u671f\u627f\u62c5\u7740\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u78b3\u6280\u672f\u5b98\u50da\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u3001\u7cbe\u5bc6\u5316\u3001\u673a\u68b0\u5316\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u5b9e\u73b0\u6108\u6765\u6108\u9ad8\u7684\u7164\u70ad\u4ea7\u91cf\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba1\u5212\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u5236\u548c\u7cbe\u5bc6\u7684\u9884\u671f\uff0c\u6765\u7ef4\u7cfb\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5e76\u8bd5\u56fe\u4e0d\u65ad\u52a0\u5f3a\u81ea\u8eab\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8d70\u5411\u4e86\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5bfc\u81f4\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u653f\u6743\u7684\u5d29\u6e83\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f5c\u8005\u9009\u62e9\u4e0eTimothy Mitchell \u7684 Carbon Democracy \u5bf9\u8bdd\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u6765\u8bba\u8bc1\u5bf9\u7164\u70ad\u548c\u77f3\u6cb9\u7684\u6316\u6398\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u8d70\u5411\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c\u5728\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5219\u8d70\u5411\u7684\u662f\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u72ec\u88c1\u3002\u8fd9\u70b9\u662f\u672c\u4e66\u8bba\u8ff0\u6700\u7cbe\u5f69\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u662f\u6700\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u6709\u5b66\u672f\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002Timothy \u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6316\u6398\u7164\u70ad\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u4eba\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u52b3\u5de5\u5728\u5371\u9669\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5219\u5929\u7136\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u6c1b\u56f4\u5bf9\u6297\u8d44\u65b9\u6765\u8981\u6c42\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u5f85\u9047\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u51cf\u5c11\u5bf9\u4e8e\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\uff0c\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\u4e0e\u4ea7\u4e1a\u754c\u4f1a\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5c06\u5bf9\u78b3\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u8f6c\u5411\u4e8e\u77f3\u6cb9\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u77f3\u6cb9\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u5929\u7136\u7684\u66f4\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u6280\u672f\u548c\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u5bf9\u4e8e\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e0d\u518d\u6709\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u53cd\u6297\u3002\u7136\u800c\u4f5c\u8005 Victor \u5219\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u78b3\u6280\u672f\u5b98\u50da\u5728\u7164\u70ad\u5f00\u91c7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u6765\u8bba\u8bc1\uff0c\u7164\u70ad\u6316\u6398\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u4e1c\u4e9a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7164\u70ad\u5f00\u91c7\u4ece\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u5f00\u91c7\u5230\u7ad6\u4e95\u6316\u6398\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u9732\u5929\u7164\u77ff\u7684\u5f00\u91c7\u3002\u5bf9\u6280\u672f\u8981\u6c42\u3001\u673a\u68b0\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3001\u80fd\u6e90\u4f9d\u8d56\u90fd\u65e5\u6e10\u589e\u5f3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u78b3\u6280\u672f\u5b98\u50da\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u3002\u4ece\u660e\u6cbb\u7ef4\u65b0\u540e\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6d3e\u9063\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u53bb\u6b27\u6d32\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u4e60\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u5e26\u5230\u65e5\u672c\u672c\u571f\u548c\u4f2a\u6ee1\u6d32\u56fd\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u65e5\u672c\u5e1d\u56fd\u65e5\u76ca\u7d27\u5f20\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\u77ed\u7f3a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u6ee1\u8db3\u6765\u81ea\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u9010\u6e10\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u4ea7\u91cf\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9488\u5bf9\u629a\u987a\u7164\u77ff\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u5316\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u5e76\u9ad8\u6548\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u52b3\u5de5\u8fdb\u884c\u52b3\u52a8\u3002\u5728 918 \u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8bb8\u8bfa\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u62a5\u916c\uff0c\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u95ef\u5173\u4e1c\u7684\u4eba\u6765\u5230\u629a\u987a\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u5347\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u78b3\u6280\u672f\u5b98\u50da\u4f53\u7cfb\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ece\u843d\u540e\u800c\u53c8\u80ae\u810f\u7684\u73af\u5883\u9010\u6e10\u63d0\u5347\u5230\u4e86\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u5bbf\u820d\u3001\u5a31\u4e50\u8bbe\u65bd\u7b49\u3002\u9700\u8981\u8868\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5b89\u5168\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3b\u52a8\u7684\u4e3a\u4e86\u5458\u5de5\u7684\u798f\u5229\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b89\u5168\u4e8b\u6545\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u8fbe\u6210\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b89\u5168\u8bbe\u65bd\u662f\u88ab\u52a8\u7684\u63d0\u4f9b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f2a\u6ee1\u6d32\u56fd\u7684\u7164\u70ad\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5f00\u91c7\uff0c\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u65e5\u672c\u672c\u571f\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e3a\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u8230\u961f\u3001\u672c\u571f\u7684\u7535\u529b\u6d88\u8017\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u80fd\u6e90\u6d88\u8017\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u826f\u597d\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5e26\u6765\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u3002\u968f\u7740\u5e1d\u56fd\u4fb5\u7565\u4e3b\u4e49\u5360\u636e\u65e5\u672c\u653f\u575b\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u6ee1\u8db3\u4fb5\u7565\u4e1c\u4e9a\u548c\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u5404\u56fd\uff0c\u5bf9\u80fd\u6e90\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u66f4\u52a0\u591a\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5f00\u59cb\u5f3a\u8feb\u52b3\u52a8\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u9661\u5ced\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Fun Fact\uff1a\u65e5\u672c\u5728\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u5f00\u59cb\u666e\u904d\u6d41\u884c\u4e00\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\uff1a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u6148\u7231\u7684\uff0c\u8d50\u4e88\u4e86\u5404\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7980\u8d4b\uff0c\u800c\u4eba\u7c7b\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u9700\u8981\u5229\u7528\u597d\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8d50\u4e88\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u65e5\u672c\u9700\u8981\u5e2e\u52a9\u90a3\u4e9b\u6ca1\u6709\u5229\u7528\u597d\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\u4eec\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u5229\u7528\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f00\u91c7\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f00\u91c7\u3002\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u4e49\u52a1\u5e2e\u52a9\u6ee1\u6e05\u6216\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f00\u91c7\u629a\u987a\u7164\u77ff\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1920 \u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u5168\u7403\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5371\u673a\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u5185\u90e8\u7ecf\u6d4e\u95ee\u9898\u800c\u9009\u62e9\u5bf9\u5916\u53d1\u52a8\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5bf9\u5916\u53d1\u52a8\u6218\u4e89\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u95ee\u9898\u52a0\u5267\u4e86\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u5bf9\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u7684\u4fb5\u7565\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u5176\u5bf9\u6a61\u80f6\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e1c\u5317\u7684\u4fb5\u7565\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u7164\u70ad\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u7136\u800c\u6218\u4e89\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u9700\u8981\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9700\u8981\u5de5\u4e1a\u5236\u6210\u54c1\u3002\u88ab\u4fb5\u7565\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5341\u5206\u521d\u7ea7\uff0c\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u652f\u6491\u8fc5\u901f\u63d0\u4f9b\u5de5\u4e1a\u5236\u6210\u54c1\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u521d\u7ea7\u539f\u6750\u6599\u3002\u800c\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u5927\u91cf\u9700\u8981\u539f\u59cb\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u6295\u5165\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u539f\u59cb\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u53c8\u52a0\u5267\u4e86\u5176\u6218\u4e89\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u56f0\u96be\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u66f4\u52a0\u5267\u4e86\u87ba\u65cb\u5f0f\u7684\u6076\u5316\u4e86\u5bf9\u5916\u4fb5\u7565\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002\uff08\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u673a\u5668\u8fc5\u901f\u58ee\u5927\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u539f\u6750\u6599\u76f8\u5f53\u4e30\u5bcc\u548c\u5de5\u4e1a\u57fa\u7840\u76f8\u5f53\u5b8c\u5584\uff0c\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u52a0\u901f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u5e76\u4e0d\u9ad8\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u901a\u8fc7\u6218\u65f6\u52a8\u5458\u548c\u503a\u5238\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u76f8\u5f53\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u6ee1\u8db3\uff09\u65e5\u672c\u4e3b\u52a8\u9009\u62e9\u767b\u4e0a\u4e86\u4e00\u8f86\u4e0d\u65ad\u4fef\u51b2\u5411\u5d29\u6e83\u7684\u60ac\u5d16\u7684\u6218\u8f66\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8c\u6218\u540e\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u5360\u636e\u4e86\u4e1c\u5317\uff0c\u5e76\u62c6\u8d70\u4e86\u4e00\u5207\u53ef\u4ee5\u62c6\u8d70\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u9001\u56de\u4e86\u82cf\u8054\u3002\u7559\u7ed9\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u6c11\u56fd\u7684\u5219\u662f\u4e00\u7247\u75ae\u75cd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5efa\u56fd\u540e\uff0c\u8ba1\u5212\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0b\u7684\u7164\u77ff\u589e\u957f\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u88ab\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5f3a\u5316\u4e86\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u66f4\u989d\u5916\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u4e3a\u4e86\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u94a2\u94c1\u4ea7\u91cf\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u800c\u5728\u5927\u8dc3\u8fdb\u65f6\u671f\u5174\u8d77\u7684\u5927\u70bc\u94a2\u94c1\uff0c\u4e5f\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7164\u70ad\u80fd\u6e90\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6d6a\u8d39\u3002\u78b3\u6280\u672f\u5b98\u50da\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u65f6\u671f\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u6bd4\u8fc7\u5f80\u66f4\u52a0\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u66f4\u52a0\u5229\u7528\u597d\u629a\u987a\u7164\u77ff\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5f00\u53d1\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u56fd\u6709\u5927\u578b\u7164\u77ff\uff0c\u90fd\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7fa4\u4f53\u2014\u2014\u6216\u8005\u7528\u9636\u5c42\u6765\u5f62\u5bb9\u8fd9\u7fa4\u4eba\u66f4\u6070\u5f53\u2014\u2014\u66f4\u52a0\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u7164\u77ff\u4ea7\u91cf\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u8bbe\u7acb\u751f\u4ea7\u8363\u8a89\u7684\u79f0\u53f7\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4e92\u76f8\u6bd4\u8d5b\u548c\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u8ba9\u52b3\u52a8\u5de5\u4eba\u4eec\u63d0\u5347\u4ea7\u91cf\u3002\u5728\u4e66\u4e2d\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u7bc7\u5e45\u90fd\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u5b9a\u201c\u6d41\u52a8\u7ea2\u65d7\u201d\u3001\u201c\u65d7\u624b\u201d\u7b49\u79f0\u53f7\u6765\u4f7f\u5de5\u4eba\u4eec\u53d1\u6325\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u7684\u589e\u4ea7\u610f\u8bc6\u3002\uff08\u7136\u800c\u5728\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5e94\u8be5\u9700\u8981\u589e\u52a0\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u548c\u519c\u6c11\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u6765\u53cd\u6620\u5f53\u65f6\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u9636\u7ea7\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u5373\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u548c\u519c\u6c11\u9636\u7ea7\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53cd\u6620\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ade\u4e89\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u65e2\u6709\u7684\u9636\u7ea7\u4f18\u52bf\u4e0a\u7684\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f88\u591a\u4ece\u519c\u6c11\u9636\u7ea7\u201c\u664b\u5347\u201d\u4e3a\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u610f\u601d\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u4ea7\u91cf\u7684\u6781\u81f4\u8ffd\u6c42\uff0c\u4e5f\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u758f\u5ffd\uff0c\u4e5f\u7ee7\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u5b89\u5168\u4e8b\u6545\u7684\u9891\u53d1\uff0c\u5bf9\u6b64\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u4e86\u7ba1\u7406\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u5b98\u50da\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u76f8\u8f83\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u65e5\u672c\u603b\u4f1a\u5c06\u5b89\u5168\u4e8b\u6545\u5f52\u7ed3\u4e8e\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u65e0\u77e5\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u6279\u8bc4\u524d\u8005\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u8868\u8ff0\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u6e05\u6670\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8868\u8fbe\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u660e\u786e\uff08\u4e5f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6211\u672c\u4eba\u82f1\u8bed\u7406\u89e3\u8fd8\u4e0d\u5230\u4f4d\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u4f5c\u8005\u6587\u7b14\u6781\u4f73\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4f18\u7f8e\u7684\u6587\u7b14\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5219\u9690\u85cf\u7740\u8fd1\u4ee3\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u4f3c\u4e4e\u96be\u4ee5\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5373\u8fd1\u4ee3\u53f2\u7684\u6750\u6599\u7eb7\u7e41\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u548c\u89c6\u89d2\u5e76\u751f\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u627e\u51fa\u5176\u4e2d\u6df1\u5c42\u7684\u8109\u7edc\u662f\u56f0\u96be\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u603b\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u5168\u9762\u7167\u987e\u5230\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f5c\u8005\u7528\u60b2\u60af\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u6765\u8c08\u65e0\u8bba\u5728\u54ea\u4e2a\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e0b\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u90fd\u5904\u5728\u6781\u5ea6\u5371\u9669\u548c\u88ab\u5265\u524a\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5c24\u4e3a\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u65e5\u672c\u5bf9\u5f85\u6218\u4e89\u72af\u548c\u4fd8\u864f\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u8fd9\u70b9\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u662f\u4ee4\u4eba\u611f\u52a8\u7684\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5728\u6700\u540e\u8c08\u5230\u78b3\u6392\u653e\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5374\u5728\u53cd\u590d\u5f3a\u8c03\u78b3\u6392\u653e\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5730\u7403\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u7834\u574f\uff0c\u5374\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6279\u8bc4\u8005\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\uff1a\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u6743\u5229\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\u80fd\u6e90\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6700\u666e\u901a\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4e66\u4e2d\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u5730\u65b9\u90fd\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u5f53\u6743\u8005\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u627f\u8bfa\u201c\u5ec9\u4ef7\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\u201d\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u672c\u5730\u4eba\u7684\u201c\u611f\u60c5\u7684\u6536\u4e70\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u5bf9\u4e8e\u672c\u653f\u6743\u548c\u672c\u7164\u77ff\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6700\u666e\u901a\u7684\u4eba\u4e5f\u6709\u6743\u4f7f\u7528\u80fd\u6e90\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53\u4eba\u7c7b\u65e0\u6cd5\u907f\u514d\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5316\u77f3\u80fd\u6e90\u6765\u83b7\u5f97\u80fd\u6e90\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5404\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u90fd\u6709\u78b3\u6392\u653e\u6743\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u4e01\u4ef2\u793c\u9662\u58eb\u5728\u67f4\u9759\u91c7\u8bbf\u4e2d\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u7a7a\u95f4\u5185\u5b8c\u7f8e\u9690\u8eab\u7684\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u6210\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff08\u6b27\u7f8e\uff09\u5374\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0d\u5728\u573a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u7136\u5168\u7403\u53d8\u6696\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u73af\u5883\u707e\u96be\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u5171\u540c\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0a\u9762\u8c08\u5230\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u8ba9\u6211\u9690\u7ea6\u611f\u89c9\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6697\u793a\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u6709\u4e00\u70b9\u70b9\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u5230\u4e0d\u9002\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u8fd9\u4e5f\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f7f\u7528Comparative Historical Method\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u7f3a\u5c11\u540c\u65f6\u671f\u4e16\u754c\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u533a\u7684\u7164\u77ff\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u7a0b\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u5206\u6790\u548c\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u5929\u7136\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u4f46\u7455\u4e0d\u63a9\u745c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u6700\u540e\u9664\u4e86\u8ba8\u8bba\u4eba\u7c7b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u80fd\u6e90\u7684\u6d6a\u8d39\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f15\u5165 Cara New Daggett \u7684The Birth of Energy\u8fd9\u672c\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u56de\u5e94\u4eba\u7c7b\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5265\u79bb\u78b3\u6392\u653e\u6765\u83b7\u5f97\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u7136\u800c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u78b3\u6392\u653e\u6743\u8fd9\u4e00\u5f53\u4e0b\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u4e5f\u8fdc\u79bb\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u603b\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7cbe\u5f69\u7eb7\u5448\uff0c\u8ba9\u4eba\u76ee\u4e0d\u6687\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u5207\u5165\u70b9\u975e\u5e38\u7cbe\u5999\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6790\u4e00\u4e2a\u8de8\u8d8a\u8fd1\u767e\u5e74\u7684\u7164\u77ff\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u6765\u63a2\u7a76\u7ecf\u8425\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7164\u77ff\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u653f\u6743\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7164\u77ff\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ece\u5c01\u5efa\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u6e05\u738b\u671d\u5230\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u3001\u4e3b\u6743\u96be\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u6c11\u56fd\u548c\u77ed\u6682\u5360\u9886\u7684\u82cf\u8054\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5230\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002\u5728\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u78b3\u6280\u672f\u5b98\u50da\uff08Carbon Technocracy\uff09\u90fd\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\uff08\u674e\u9192\u6c11\u5c06technocracy\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u6280\u6cbb\u4e3b\u4e49\uff09 \u653f\u6743\u3001\u78b3\u6280\u672f\u5b98\u50da\u3001\u7164\u77ff\u3001\u5de5\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd9\u56db\u79cd\u89d2\u8272\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u671f\u627f\u62c5\u7740\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u78b3\u6280\u672f\u5b98\u50da\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u3001\u7cbe\u5bc6\u5316\u3001\u673a\u68b0\u5316\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u5b9e\u73b0\u6108\u6765\u6108\u9ad8\u7684\u7164\u70ad\u4ea7\u91cf\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba1\u5212\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u5236\u548c\u7cbe\u5bc6\u7684\u9884\u671f\uff0c\u6765\u7ef4\u7cfb\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5e76\u8bd5\u56fe\u4e0d\u65ad\u52a0\u5f3a\u81ea\u8eab\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8d70\u5411\u4e86\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5bfc\u81f4\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u653f\u6743\u7684\u5d29\u6e83\u3002 \u4f5c\u8005\u9009\u62e9\u4e0eTimothy Mitchell \u7684 Carbon Democracy \u5bf9\u8bdd\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u6765\u8bba\u8bc1\u5bf9\u7164\u70ad\u548c\u77f3\u6cb9\u7684\u6316\u6398\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u8d70\u5411\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c\u5728\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5219\u8d70\u5411\u7684\u662f\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u72ec\u88c1\u3002\u8fd9\u70b9\u662f\u672c\u4e66\u8bba\u8ff0\u6700\u7cbe\u5f69\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u662f\u6700\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u6709\u5b66\u672f\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002Timothy \u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6316\u6398\u7164\u70ad\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u4eba\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u52b3\u5de5\u5728\u5371\u9669\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5219\u5929\u7136\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u6c1b\u56f4\u5bf9\u6297\u8d44\u65b9\u6765\u8981\u6c42\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u5f85\u9047\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u51cf\u5c11\u5bf9\u4e8e\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\uff0c\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\u4e0e\u4ea7\u4e1a\u754c\u4f1a\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5c06\u5bf9\u78b3\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u8f6c\u5411\u4e8e\u77f3\u6cb9\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u77f3\u6cb9\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u5929\u7136\u7684\u66f4\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u6280\u672f\u548c\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u5bf9\u4e8e\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e0d\u518d\u6709\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u53cd\u6297\u3002\u7136\u800c\u4f5c\u8005 Victor \u5219\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u78b3\u6280\u672f\u5b98\u50da\u5728\u7164\u70ad\u5f00\u91c7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u6765\u8bba\u8bc1\uff0c\u7164\u70ad\u6316\u6398\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u4e1c\u4e9a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u3002 \u7164\u70ad\u5f00\u91c7\u4ece\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u5f00\u91c7\u5230\u7ad6\u4e95\u6316\u6398\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u9732\u5929\u7164\u77ff\u7684\u5f00\u91c7\u3002\u5bf9\u6280\u672f\u8981\u6c42\u3001\u673a\u68b0\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3001\u80fd\u6e90\u4f9d\u8d56\u90fd\u65e5\u6e10\u589e\u5f3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u78b3\u6280\u672f\u5b98\u50da\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u3002\u4ece\u660e\u6cbb\u7ef4\u65b0\u540e\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6d3e\u9063\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u53bb\u6b27\u6d32\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u4e60\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u5e26\u5230\u65e5\u672c\u672c\u571f\u548c\u4f2a\u6ee1\u6d32\u56fd\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u65e5\u672c\u5e1d\u56fd\u65e5\u76ca\u7d27\u5f20\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\u77ed\u7f3a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u6ee1\u8db3\u6765\u81ea\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u9010\u6e10\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u4ea7\u91cf\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9488\u5bf9\u629a\u987a\u7164\u77ff\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u5316\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u5e76\u9ad8\u6548\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u52b3\u5de5\u8fdb\u884c\u52b3\u52a8\u3002\u5728 918 \u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8bb8\u8bfa\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u62a5\u916c\uff0c\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u95ef\u5173\u4e1c\u7684\u4eba\u6765\u5230\u629a\u987a\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u5347\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u78b3\u6280\u672f\u5b98\u50da\u4f53\u7cfb\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ece\u843d\u540e\u800c\u53c8\u80ae\u810f\u7684\u73af\u5883\u9010\u6e10\u63d0\u5347\u5230\u4e86\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u5bbf\u820d\u3001\u5a31\u4e50\u8bbe\u65bd\u7b49\u3002\u9700\u8981\u8868\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5b89\u5168\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3b\u52a8\u7684\u4e3a\u4e86\u5458\u5de5\u7684\u798f\u5229\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b89\u5168\u4e8b\u6545\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u8fbe\u6210\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b89\u5168\u8bbe\u65bd\u662f\u88ab\u52a8\u7684\u63d0\u4f9b\u3002 \u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f2a\u6ee1\u6d32\u56fd\u7684\u7164\u70ad\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5f00\u91c7\uff0c\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u65e5\u672c\u672c\u571f\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e3a\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u8230\u961f\u3001\u672c\u571f\u7684\u7535\u529b\u6d88\u8017\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u80fd\u6e90\u6d88\u8017\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u826f\u597d\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5e26\u6765\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u3002\u968f\u7740\u5e1d\u56fd\u4fb5\u7565\u4e3b\u4e49\u5360\u636e\u65e5\u672c\u653f\u575b\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u6ee1\u8db3\u4fb5\u7565\u4e1c\u4e9a\u548c\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u5404\u56fd\uff0c\u5bf9\u80fd\u6e90\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u66f4\u52a0\u591a\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5f00\u59cb\u5f3a\u8feb\u52b3\u52a8\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u9661\u5ced\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002 Fun Fact\uff1a\u65e5\u672c\u5728\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u5f00\u59cb\u666e\u904d\u6d41\u884c\u4e00\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\uff1a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u6148\u7231\u7684\uff0c\u8d50\u4e88\u4e86\u5404\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7980\u8d4b\uff0c\u800c\u4eba\u7c7b\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u9700\u8981\u5229\u7528\u597d\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8d50\u4e88\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u65e5\u672c\u9700\u8981\u5e2e\u52a9\u90a3\u4e9b\u6ca1\u6709\u5229\u7528\u597d\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\u4eec\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u5229\u7528\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f00\u91c7\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f00\u91c7\u3002\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u4e49\u52a1\u5e2e\u52a9\u6ee1\u6e05\u6216\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f00\u91c7\u629a\u987a\u7164\u77ff\u3002 1920 \u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u5168\u7403\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5371\u673a\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u5185\u90e8\u7ecf\u6d4e\u95ee\u9898\u800c\u9009\u62e9\u5bf9\u5916\u53d1\u52a8\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5bf9\u5916\u53d1\u52a8\u6218\u4e89\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u95ee\u9898\u52a0\u5267\u4e86\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u5bf9\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u7684\u4fb5\u7565\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u5176\u5bf9\u6a61\u80f6\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e1c\u5317\u7684\u4fb5\u7565\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u7164\u70ad\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u7136\u800c\u6218\u4e89\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u9700\u8981\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9700\u8981\u5de5\u4e1a\u5236\u6210\u54c1\u3002\u88ab\u4fb5\u7565\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5341\u5206\u521d\u7ea7\uff0c\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u652f\u6491\u8fc5\u901f\u63d0\u4f9b\u5de5\u4e1a\u5236\u6210\u54c1\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u521d\u7ea7\u539f\u6750\u6599\u3002\u800c\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u5927\u91cf\u9700\u8981\u539f\u59cb\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u6295\u5165\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u539f\u59cb\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u53c8\u52a0\u5267\u4e86\u5176\u6218\u4e89\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u56f0\u96be\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u66f4\u52a0\u5267\u4e86\u87ba\u65cb\u5f0f\u7684\u6076\u5316\u4e86\u5bf9\u5916\u4fb5\u7565\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002\uff08\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u673a\u5668\u8fc5\u901f\u58ee\u5927\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u539f\u6750\u6599\u76f8\u5f53\u4e30\u5bcc\u548c\u5de5\u4e1a\u57fa\u7840\u76f8\u5f53\u5b8c\u5584\uff0c\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u52a0\u901f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u5e76\u4e0d\u9ad8\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u901a\u8fc7\u6218\u65f6\u52a8\u5458\u548c\u503a\u5238\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u76f8\u5f53\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u6ee1\u8db3\uff09\u65e5\u672c\u4e3b\u52a8\u9009\u62e9\u767b\u4e0a\u4e86\u4e00\u8f86\u4e0d\u65ad\u4fef\u51b2\u5411\u5d29\u6e83\u7684\u60ac\u5d16\u7684\u6218\u8f66\u3002 \u4e8c\u6218\u540e\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u5360\u636e\u4e86\u4e1c\u5317\uff0c\u5e76\u62c6\u8d70\u4e86\u4e00\u5207\u53ef\u4ee5\u62c6\u8d70\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u9001\u56de\u4e86\u82cf\u8054\u3002\u7559\u7ed9\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u6c11\u56fd\u7684\u5219\u662f\u4e00\u7247\u75ae\u75cd\u3002 \u5efa\u56fd\u540e\uff0c\u8ba1\u5212\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0b\u7684\u7164\u77ff\u589e\u957f\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u88ab\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5f3a\u5316\u4e86\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u66f4\u989d\u5916\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u4e3a\u4e86\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u94a2\u94c1\u4ea7\u91cf\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u800c\u5728\u5927\u8dc3\u8fdb\u65f6\u671f\u5174\u8d77\u7684\u5927\u70bc\u94a2\u94c1\uff0c\u4e5f\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7164\u70ad\u80fd\u6e90\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6d6a\u8d39\u3002\u78b3\u6280\u672f\u5b98\u50da\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u65f6\u671f\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u6bd4\u8fc7\u5f80\u66f4\u52a0\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u66f4\u52a0\u5229\u7528\u597d\u629a\u987a\u7164\u77ff\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5f00\u53d1\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u56fd\u6709\u5927\u578b\u7164\u77ff\uff0c\u90fd\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7fa4\u4f53\u2014\u2014\u6216\u8005\u7528\u9636\u5c42\u6765\u5f62\u5bb9\u8fd9\u7fa4\u4eba\u66f4\u6070\u5f53\u2014\u2014\u66f4\u52a0\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002 \u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u7164\u77ff\u4ea7\u91cf\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u8bbe\u7acb\u751f\u4ea7\u8363\u8a89\u7684\u79f0\u53f7\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4e92\u76f8\u6bd4\u8d5b\u548c\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u8ba9\u52b3\u52a8\u5de5\u4eba\u4eec\u63d0\u5347\u4ea7\u91cf\u3002\u5728\u4e66\u4e2d\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u7bc7\u5e45\u90fd\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u5b9a\u201c\u6d41\u52a8\u7ea2\u65d7\u201d\u3001\u201c\u65d7\u624b\u201d\u7b49\u79f0\u53f7\u6765\u4f7f\u5de5\u4eba\u4eec\u53d1\u6325\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u7684\u589e\u4ea7\u610f\u8bc6\u3002\uff08\u7136\u800c\u5728\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5e94\u8be5\u9700\u8981\u589e\u52a0\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u548c\u519c\u6c11\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u6765\u53cd\u6620\u5f53\u65f6\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u9636\u7ea7\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u5373\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u548c\u519c\u6c11\u9636\u7ea7\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53cd\u6620\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ade\u4e89\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u65e2\u6709\u7684\u9636\u7ea7\u4f18\u52bf\u4e0a\u7684\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f88\u591a\u4ece\u519c\u6c11\u9636\u7ea7\u201c\u664b\u5347\u201d\u4e3a\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff09 \u6709\u610f\u601d\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u4ea7\u91cf\u7684\u6781\u81f4\u8ffd\u6c42\uff0c\u4e5f\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u758f\u5ffd\uff0c\u4e5f\u7ee7\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u5b89\u5168\u4e8b\u6545\u7684\u9891\u53d1\uff0c\u5bf9\u6b64\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u4e86\u7ba1\u7406\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u5b98\u50da\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u76f8\u8f83\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u65e5\u672c\u603b\u4f1a\u5c06\u5b89\u5168\u4e8b\u6545\u5f52\u7ed3\u4e8e\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u65e0\u77e5\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u6279\u8bc4\u524d\u8005\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u8868\u8ff0\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u6e05\u6670\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8868\u8fbe\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u660e\u786e\uff08\u4e5f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6211\u672c\u4eba\u82f1\u8bed\u7406\u89e3\u8fd8\u4e0d\u5230\u4f4d\u3002\uff09 \u4f5c\u8005\u6587\u7b14\u6781\u4f73\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4f18\u7f8e\u7684\u6587\u7b14\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5219\u9690\u85cf\u7740\u8fd1\u4ee3\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u4f3c\u4e4e\u96be\u4ee5\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5373\u8fd1\u4ee3\u53f2\u7684\u6750\u6599\u7eb7\u7e41\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u548c\u89c6\u89d2\u5e76\u751f\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u627e\u51fa\u5176\u4e2d\u6df1\u5c42\u7684\u8109\u7edc\u662f\u56f0\u96be\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u603b\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u5168\u9762\u7167\u987e\u5230\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002 \u4f5c\u8005\u7528\u60b2\u60af\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u6765\u8c08\u65e0\u8bba\u5728\u54ea\u4e2a\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e0b\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u90fd\u5904\u5728\u6781\u5ea6\u5371\u9669\u548c\u88ab\u5265\u524a\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5c24\u4e3a\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u65e5\u672c\u5bf9\u5f85\u6218\u4e89\u72af\u548c\u4fd8\u864f\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u8fd9\u70b9\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u662f\u4ee4\u4eba\u611f\u52a8\u7684\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5728\u6700\u540e\u8c08\u5230\u78b3\u6392\u653e\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5374\u5728\u53cd\u590d\u5f3a\u8c03\u78b3\u6392\u653e\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5730\u7403\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u7834\u574f\uff0c\u5374\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6279\u8bc4\u8005\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\uff1a\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u6743\u5229\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\u80fd\u6e90\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6700\u666e\u901a\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u3002 \u5728\u4e66\u4e2d\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u5730\u65b9\u90fd\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u5f53\u6743\u8005\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u627f\u8bfa\u201c\u5ec9\u4ef7\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\u201d\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u672c\u5730\u4eba\u7684\u201c\u611f\u60c5\u7684\u6536\u4e70\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u5bf9\u4e8e\u672c\u653f\u6743\u548c\u672c\u7164\u77ff\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6700\u666e\u901a\u7684\u4eba\u4e5f\u6709\u6743\u4f7f\u7528\u80fd\u6e90\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53\u4eba\u7c7b\u65e0\u6cd5\u907f\u514d\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5316\u77f3\u80fd\u6e90\u6765\u83b7\u5f97\u80fd\u6e90\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5404\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u90fd\u6709\u78b3\u6392\u653e\u6743\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u4e01\u4ef2\u793c\u9662\u58eb\u5728\u67f4\u9759\u91c7\u8bbf\u4e2d\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u7a7a\u95f4\u5185\u5b8c\u7f8e\u9690\u8eab\u7684\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u6210\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff08\u6b27\u7f8e\uff09\u5374\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0d\u5728\u573a\u3002 \u5f53\u7136\u5168\u7403\u53d8\u6696\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u73af\u5883\u707e\u96be\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u5171\u540c\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0a\u9762\u8c08\u5230\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u8ba9\u6211\u9690\u7ea6\u611f\u89c9\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6697\u793a\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u6709\u4e00\u70b9\u70b9\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u5230\u4e0d\u9002\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u8fd9\u4e5f\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f7f\u7528Comparative Historical Method\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u7f3a\u5c11\u540c\u65f6\u671f\u4e16\u754c\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u533a\u7684\u7164\u77ff\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u7a0b\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u5206\u6790\u548c\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u5929\u7136\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u4f46\u7455\u4e0d\u63a9\u745c\u3002 \u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u6700\u540e\u9664\u4e86\u8ba8\u8bba\u4eba\u7c7b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u80fd\u6e90\u7684\u6d6a\u8d39\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f15\u5165 Cara New Daggett \u7684The Birth of Energy\u8fd9\u672c\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u56de\u5e94\u4eba\u7c7b\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5265\u79bb\u78b3\u6392\u653e\u6765\u83b7\u5f97\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u7136\u800c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u78b3\u6392\u653e\u6743\u8fd9\u4e00\u5f53\u4e0b\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u4e5f\u8fdc\u79bb\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u4e86\u3002 \u603b\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7cbe\u5f69\u7eb7\u5448\uff0c\u8ba9\u4eba\u76ee\u4e0d\u6687\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[20,22,15],"class_list":["post-166","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-reading-notes","tag-energy","tag-sts","tag-technocracy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zhangzheng.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/166","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zhangzheng.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zhangzheng.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zhangzheng.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zhangzheng.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=166"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/zhangzheng.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/166\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":337,"href":"https:\/\/zhangzheng.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/166\/revisions\/337"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zhangzheng.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=166"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zhangzheng.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=166"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zhangzheng.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=166"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}